{"id":1478,"date":"2019-07-15T03:09:51","date_gmt":"2019-07-15T03:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipcpu.com\/?p=1478"},"modified":"2021-07-15T03:28:42","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T03:28:42","slug":"python-file","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/2019\/07\/python-file\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c.md<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n

Python\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u8c03\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001shutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\nos.remove(file_name); \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6
\nos.mkdir(\"newdir\"); \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55
\nos.getcwd(); \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55(Python\u811a\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55)
\nos.listdir(); \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d
\nos.path.isfile();\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6
\nos.path.isdir();\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55
\nos.path.exists();\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728
\nos.path.split();\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/p>\n

\n
os.path.split('\/home\/swaroop\/byte\/code\/poem.txt')\n\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a('\/home\/swaroop\/byte\/code', 'poem.txt') <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
os.path.splitext();\u5206\u79bb\u6269\u5c55\u540d 
\nos.path.dirname();\u83b7\u53d6\u8def\u5f84\u540d 
\nos.path.basename();\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d 
\nos.getenv(); os.putenv(); \u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf 
\nos.linesep;\u7ed9\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5e73\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u884c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b26:    Windows\u4f7f\u7528'\\r\\n'\uff0cLinux\u4f7f\u7528'\\n'\u800cMac\u4f7f\u7528'\\r'<\/p>\n
\n
fileappend=open('\/tmp\/new.txt','a')\nfileappend.write('this is content' + os.linesep)\nfileappend.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
os.path.getsize(filename);\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f 
\nos.rmdir(\"dir\");\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55 
\nshutil.rmtree(\"dir\");\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2afile\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
file object = open(file_name [, access_mode][, buffering])<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
r \u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002(\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728) 
\n  r+ \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002 
\n  w \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002(\u8986\u76d6\u5199) 
\n  w+ \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 
\n  a \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u3002\uff08\u8ffd\u52a0\u5199\uff09 
\n  a+ \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u4f1a\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002 
\n  rU \u6216 Ua \u4ee5\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00, \u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u7528\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u652f\u6301 (PEP 278)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\u6ce8\u610f1\uff1a\u5e26\u4e86+\u53f7\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong> 
\n\u6ce8\u610f2\uff1aPython2\u4e2d\uff0cU\u901a\u7528\u6362\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Universal new line mode\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\r \\n \\r\\n\uff09\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\\n\u3002\u4f46Python3\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7open\u51fd\u6570\u7684newline\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236Universal new line mode\uff1a\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9anewline\uff0c\u5219\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542fUniversal new line mode\uff0c\u6240\u6709\\n, \\r, or \\r\\n\u88ab\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\\n \uff1b\u5199\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9anewline\uff0c\u5219\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u4e3a\u5404\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff08\\n, \\r, or \\r\\n, \uff09<\/strong> 
\n\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u6837\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
file_object = open('test.txt','rU')\ntry: \n    for line in file_object:    \n        print(line.strip())\n#\u8fd9\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cline\u4f1a\u5e26\u7740\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u800cprint\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u4e0a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b02\u4e2a\u6362\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528strip()\u53bb\u9664\u3002\nfinally:\n    file_object.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8c03\u7528read()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u670910G\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5c31\u7206\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u53cb\u597d\u3002 
\n\u8c03\u7528readline()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 
\n\u8c03\u7528readlines()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6309\u884c\u8fd4\u56delist\u3002 
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u91cc\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u904d\u5386\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u7f13\u51b2IO 
\n\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002 
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86try...finally\u8bed\u53e5\uff0cPython\u4e5f\u51c6\u5907\u4e86with\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u8003\u8651\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 
\nclose()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n
\n
with open('abc.txt', 'r') as f:\n    for line in f:\n        print(line.strip())<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5199\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a 
\nwrite() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e 
\nwritelines() \u65b9\u6cd5\u5199\u5165\u591a\u884c 
\nflush() \u65b9\u6cd5\u6e05\u7406\u7f13\u5b58 
\n\u6837\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
with open('123.txt', 'a') as f:\n    f.write('helloworld1!\\n')\n    f.writelines('helloworld2!\\n')\n    print('helloworld3!',file=f)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n
https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/19751023<\/a> 
\nhttps:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/ymjyqsx\/p\/6554817.html 
\nhttp:\/\/yuanph.org\/2016\/09\/13\/python-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86\/<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\uff1aIPCPU-\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u8def<\/a> » Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c.md \u4e00\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c Python\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u8c03\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001shutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a os.remove(file_name); \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6 os.mkdir(“newdir”); \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55 os.getcwd(); \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55(Python\u811a\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u76ee\u5f55) os.listdir(); \u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d os.path.isfile();\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6 os.path.isdir();\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 os.path.exists();\u68c0\u9a8c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728 os.path.split();\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d os.path.split(‘\/home\/swaroop\/byte\/code\/poem.txt’) \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a(‘\/home\/swaroop\/byte\/code’, ‘poem.txt’) os.path.splitext();\u5206\u79bb\u6269\u5c55\u540d os.path.dirname();\u83b7\u53d6\u8def\u5f84\u540d os.path.basename();\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d os.getenv(); os.putenv(); \u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf os.linesep;\u7ed9\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u5e73\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u884c\u7ec8\u6b62\u7b26: Windows\u4f7f\u7528’\\r\\n’\uff0cLinux\u4f7f\u7528’\\n’\u800cMac\u4f7f\u7528’\\r’ fileappend=open(‘\/tmp\/new.txt’,’a’) fileappend.write(‘this is content’ + os.linesep) fileappend.close() os.path.getsize(filename);\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f os.rmdir(“dir”);\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55 shutil.rmtree(“dir”);\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220 \u4e8c\u3001\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6 \u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2afile\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\u3002 file object = open(file_name [, access_mode][, buffering]) \u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a r \u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002(\u8981\u6c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728) r+ \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002 w \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002(\u8986\u76d6\u5199) w+ \u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[3,13,2],"tags":[59],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1478"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1478"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1479,"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1478\/revisions\/1479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}