{"id":1941,"date":"2022-10-04T06:55:08","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T06:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipcpu.com\/?p=1941"},"modified":"2022-10-09T06:59:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-09T06:59:33","slug":"python-orm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/2022\/10\/python-orm\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684ORM"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684ORM.md
\n<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7528SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6280\u672f\u662fORM\u3002\u672c\u8282\u4ecb\u7ecdORM\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548cPython\u4e2d\u7684ORM\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n

ORM\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n

ORM\uff08Object-Relational Mapping\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u4e1a\u52a1\u5b9e\u4f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u53bb\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684ORM\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u59073\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u80fd\u529b\uff1a\u6620\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u3001CRUD\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

1\uff0e\u6620\u5c04\u6280\u672f<\/h4>\n

\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ece\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5982\u8026\u5408\u3001\u805a\u5408\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e24\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u5b58\u5728\u663e\u8457\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0cORM\u901a\u8fc7\u6620\u5c04\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u4e24\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Java\u7684Hibernate\u3001Ibatis; C#\u7684Grove\u3001LinQ; Python\u7684SQLAlchemy\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9bORM\u5e93\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u5982\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u6620\u5c04\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6620\u5c04\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u6620\u5c04\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u7531\u6570\u636e\u8868\u5217\uff08Column\uff09\u7c7b\u578b\u5411\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982SQLAlchemy\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff08SmallInteger\u3001Float\u3001Time\u7b49\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u7c7b\u6620\u5c04\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5404\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u660e\u786e\u7c7b\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u5728SQLAlchemy\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ee7\u627f\u81eadeclarative_base\uff08\uff09\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5916\u952e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fde\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u5728SQLAlchemy\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49relationship\uff08\uff09\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff0eCRUD\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n

CRUD\u662f\u505a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff08Create\uff09\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\uff08Retrieve\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5f97\u5230\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\uff08Update\uff09\u548c\u5220\u9664\uff08Delete\uff09\u51e0\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u7b80\u5199\u3002\u5728SQL\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7Insert\u3001Select\u3001Update\u3001Delete\u56db\u79cd\u8bed\u53e5\u5b9e\u73b0CRUD\u3002\u800c\u7531\u4e8eORM\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86SQL\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u6709\u7684ORM\u5e93\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957CRUD\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e93\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9binsert\u3001update\u3001delete\u3001query\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0CRUD\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9bbeginTransaction\u3001commit\u3001rollback\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u7ba1\u7406\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5f53\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8c03\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0cORM\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u5217\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u7528\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528ORM\u6620\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff0e\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u8f83\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u591a\u6570ORM\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5c06\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u7528\u65f6\u968f\u65f6\u63d0\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5728\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u624d\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684select\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728ORM\u67e5\u8be2\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n

4\uff0e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u7528ORM<\/h4>\n

\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e86ORM\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3ORM\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5411\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u65e0\u987b\u4e0eSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u4fbf\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684SQL\u8bed\u6cd5\u6709\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8eSQL\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c42\u5728\u66f4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8c03\u8bd5SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u800cORM\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8eSQL\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0cORM\u5f15\u64ce\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fc1\u79fb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u65e0\u987b\u66f4\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf \u5e94\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

Python ORM\u5e93\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

ORM\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\uff0c\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e86Python\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\uff0c\u53c8\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9bORM\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7a0d\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u539f\u7406\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u8457\u540d\u7684Python\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684ORM\u6846\u67b6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf SQLAlchemy\uff1a\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u6210\u719f\u7684ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6587\u6863\u90fd\u5f88\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570Python Web\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9\u5176\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u5408\u3002SQLAlchemy\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662fPython\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7684ORM\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf Django ORM\uff1a\u662fPython\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5927\u540d\u9f0e\u9f0e\u7684Django Web\u6846\u67b6\u72ec\u7528\u7684ORM\u6280\u672f\u3002Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u800c\u5168\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5176\u4ed6Python Web\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u66f4\u6362ORM\uff0c\u4f46\u5728Django\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aDjango\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5f88\u591amodel\u662f\u7528Django\u5185\u7f6eORM\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf Peewee\uff1a\u5c0f\u5de7\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7ORM\u3002Peewee\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eSQLAlchemy\u5185\u6838\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u53ea\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\u3002Peewee\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u529f\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf Storm\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u578b\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4SQLAlchem\u548cDjango\u7b49\u8f7b\u91cf\uff0c\u6bd4Peewee\u7684\u529f\u80fd1\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u3002Storm\u8981\u6c42\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684DDL\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u81ea\u751f\u6210\u8868\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf SQLObject\uff1a\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5927\u800c\u5168\u7684ORM\u3002SQLObject\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\u501f\u9274\u4e86Ruby on Rails\u7684ActiveRecord\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u719f\u6089Ruby\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0a\u624b\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90<\/h2>\n

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\u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\uff1aIPCPU-\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u8def<\/a> » Python\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684ORM<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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