{"id":473,"date":"2015-11-25T23:06:01","date_gmt":"2015-11-25T15:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ipcpu.com\/?p=473"},"modified":"2015-11-25T23:06:01","modified_gmt":"2015-11-25T15:06:01","slug":"regex-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c.ipcpu.com\/2015\/11\/regex-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u76f8\u5173\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u57fa\u7840\u6574\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

Linux\u76f8\u5173\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u57fa\u7840\u6574\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u8005\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \u4e32\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u7f29\u5199\u6210\"regex\"\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u91cc\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\/\u6216\u66ff\u6362\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u8bb8\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4<\/h2>\n

2.1 \u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4<\/h3>\n
  1. #\/\/\/@\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u201d\uff0c\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  2. [<\/span>abcdefghijklmn<\/span>]<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  3. [<\/span>0123456789<\/span>]<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  4. #\/\/\/@\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528[x-y]\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793ax\u5230y\u6574\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  5. [<\/span>a<\/span>-<\/span>zA<\/span>-<\/span>z<\/span>]<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  6. [<\/span>0<\/span>-<\/span>9<\/span>]<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  7. #\/\/\/@\u8d77\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u675f<\/span><\/code><\/li>
  8. ^\u548c<\/span>$ <\/span>\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a<\/span>\"\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\"<\/span>\u548c<\/span>\"\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e\"<\/span><\/code><\/li><\/ol><\/pre>\n
    2.2    \u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u8f6c\u4e49<\/h3>\n
    \u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[\u3001\u95ed\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7]\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684^\u3001$\u90fd\u7b97\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\"\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\u8868\u793a\u6a2a\u7ebf\u5b57\u7b26-\"\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5199\u6210\\^\u3001\\$\u3001\\[\u3001\\]\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5bf9\u5e38\u7528\u91cf\u8bcd\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26+\u3001*\u3001?\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6dfb\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3a\\+\u3001\\*\u3001\\?\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u8bcd{m,n}\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e49\u65f6\u5374\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a{\u6dfb\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32{m,n}\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5199\u6210{m,n}\u3002<\/p>\n
    2.3    \u6392\u9664\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4<\/h3>\n
    \u6392\u9664\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\uff08Negated Character Class\uff09\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4[\u2026]\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[\u4e4b\u540e\u7d27\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8131\u5b57\u7b26^\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c[^\u2026]\uff0c\u8868\u793a\"\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\"\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u6240\u4ee5[^0-9]\u5c31\u8868\u793a\"0~9\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\"\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\"\u975e\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\"\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c[^0-9][0-9]\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u624d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n
    2.4    \u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u7b80\u8bb0\u6cd5<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    2.5    POSIX\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0    \u91cf\u8bcd<\/h2>\n
    3.1    \u91cf\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f<\/h3>\n
     \"\"<\/p>\n
    3.2    \u5e38\u7528\u91cf\u8bcd<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0    Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
    \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7531Unix\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982sed\u548cgrep\uff09\u666e\u53ca\u5f00\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
    \u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08Basic Regular Expression \u53c8\u53eb Basic RegEx  \u7b80\u79f0 BREs\uff09
    \u6269\u5c55\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08Extended Regular Expression \u53c8\u53eb Extended RegEx \u7b80\u79f0 EREs\uff09
    Perl \u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08Perl Regular Expression \u53c8\u53eb Perl RegEx \u7b80\u79f0 PREs\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    4.1    grep\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
    \n
    grep \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u4e0d\u8ddf\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528BREs
    grep \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u8ddf \"-E\" \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528EREs
    grep \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u8ddf \"-P\" \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528PREs<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    4.2    egrep\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
    \n
    egrep \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u4e0d\u8ddf\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 EREs
    egrep \u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u8ddf \"-P\" \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 PREs<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    4.3    sed\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
    \n
    sed \u6307\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 BREs
    sed \u547d\u4ee4\u53c2\u6570 \"-r \" \u5219\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 EREs<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    4.4    awk\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n
    \n
    awk \u6307\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 EREs<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0    BREs\u3001EREs\u3001PREs\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h2>\n
    5.1    \u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u7167<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    5.2    \u91cf\u8bcd\u7684\u5bf9\u7167<\/h3>\n
    \"\"<\/p>\n
    \u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/h2>\n
    \u300a\u6b63\u5219\u6307\u5f15\u300b\u4f59\u665f\u8457
    http:\/\/book.51cto.com\/art\/201204\/332381.htm<\/a>
    http:\/\/deerchao.net\/tutorials\/regex\/regex-1.htm<\/a>
    http:\/\/www.cnblogs.com\/chengmo\/archive\/2010\/10\/10\/1847287.html<\/a><\/p>\n
    \u6765\u81ea\u4e3a\u77e5\u7b14\u8bb0(Wiz)<\/a><\/div>\n
    \u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\uff1aIPCPU-\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u8def<\/a> » Linux\u76f8\u5173\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u57fa\u7840\u6574\u7406<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Linux\u76f8\u5173\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u57fa\u7840\u6574\u7406 \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u6982\u8ff0 \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u8005\u5339\u914d\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5b57\u7b26 \u4e32\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002 \u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u7f29\u5199\u6210”regex”\u3002 \u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u91cc\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\/\u6216\u66ff\u6362\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u8bb8\u591a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u5229\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f \u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4 2.1 \u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4 #\/\/\/@\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26\u201d\uff0c\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26[abcdefghijklmn][0123456789]#\/\/\/@\u8303\u56f4\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528[x-y]\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u793ax\u5230y\u6574\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5b57\u7b26[a-zA-z][0-9]#\/\/\/@\u8d77\u59cb\u4e0e\u7ed3\u675f^\u548c$ \u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a”\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e”\u548c”\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u4f4d\u7f6e” 2.2 \u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u8f6c\u4e49 \u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\u7684\u5f00\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[\u3001\u95ed\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7]\u548c\u4e4b\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684^\u3001$\u90fd\u7b97\u5143\u5b57\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u666e\u901a\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u6bd4\u5982”\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\u8868\u793a\u6a2a\u7ebf\u5b57\u7b26-“\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5199\u6210\\^\u3001\\$\u3001\\[\u3001\\]\u3002 \u5bf9\u5e38\u7528\u91cf\u8bcd\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u7b26+\u3001*\u3001?\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6dfb\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\uff0c\u53d8\u4e3a\\+\u3001\\*\u3001\\?\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u8bcd{m,n}\u4e2d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e49\u65f6\u5374\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a{\u6dfb\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u7ebf\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5e0c\u671b\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32{m,n}\uff0c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5fc5\u987b\u5199\u6210{m,n}\u3002 2.3 \u6392\u9664\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4 \u6392\u9664\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u7ec4\uff08Negated Character 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